Culinary Commensality: Food Sharing Expressions and Their Cultural and Social Meaning
Jasmine Noah M. Benitez1, Louie Angelo E. Etrata2 and Kiel Allen E. Elefante3
1-3Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College, Poblacion Norte, Santiago, Ilocos Sur, Philippines
ISSN: 2961-3035 | Volume 6 | Issue 1 | June 2026
Abstract
Food sharing is a cultural practice that embodies values such as unity, hospitality, and mutual care while playing a pivotal role in relationship-building and tradition preservation. However, limited research exists on how specific food-sharing expressions influence social interactions in daily life. To address this gap, this study employed a qualitative descriptive design with Ilocano-speaking participants to explore Ilocano food-sharing expressions and their cultural and social meanings. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study identified three primary food-sharing expressions: manganen, mangan tayo, and manganen karruba. These expressions represent core values of generosity, inclusivity, and social connection, fostering relationship maintenance, a sense of belonging, and the reinforcement of cultural identity within the community. The findings indicate that food-sharing expressions function as a meaningful social practice that reflect deeper cultural values and strengthen interpersonal bonds among Ilocanos.
DOI: 10.56901/DZYN5601
References
Abarca, M. E. (2021). Food, memory, and identity in the contemporary world. Bloomsbury Academic. (Book)
Abarca, M. E. (2021). Commensality: Networks of personal, family, and community social transformation. The Sociological Review, 69(3), 664–680. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380261211009088 (Online journal article)
Appadurai, A. (1981). Gastro-politics in Hindu South Asia. American Ethnologist, 8(3), 494–511. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1981.8.3.02a00050 (Journal article)
Balirano, G., & Guzzo, S. (2019), Food across cultures: Linguistic insights in transcultural tastes, e-book. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11153-3
Bautista, M. L. S. (2004), Tagalog-English code switching as a mode of discourse.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic interactionism: Perspective and method. Prentice-Hall. (Book)
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press. (Book)
Candela, A. G. (2019), Exploring the function of member checking, online journal. 24(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2019.3729
Counihan, C. M. (1999). The anthropology of food and body: Gender, meaning, and power. Routledge. (Book)
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2021), Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, book.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2023), Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies, journal. Volume 17(1).
Douglas, M. (1972). Deciphering a meal. Daedalus, 101(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/20024058 (Journal article)
Fernandez, D. G. (1994), Tikim: Essays on Philippine food and culture, book.
Fischler, C. (2011). Commensality, society and culture. Social Science Information, 50(3–4), 528–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018411413963 (Journal article)
Flores, X. L. V., Baldivia, P. E. B. H., & Oblea, E. R. J. T. (2025), Salo-salo: Commensality and the practice of eating together among Filipino diasporic families in Melbourne, Australia, bachelor’s thesis. DOI: https://animorepository.dlsu.edu.ph/etdb_behsc/21
Fox, R. (2004). Food and eating: An anthropological perspective. Social Issues Research Centre. (Report / Book)
Goebel, Z. (2020), Language, migration, and identity: Neighborhood talk in Indonesia, book.
Goody, J. (1982). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. (Book)
Griffin, E., Ledbetter, A., & Sparks, G. (2020), A first look at communication theory, book.
Heller, M., & McElhinny, B. (2021), Language, capitalism, colonialism: Toward a critical history, book.
Jocano, F. L. (1997), Filipino social organization: Traditional kinship and family organization, book.
Jocano, F. L. (2020), Filipino social organization: Traditional kinship and family organization, book.
Karaosmanoğlu, D. (2020), How to study ethnic food: Senses, power, and intercultural studies, online journal. Volume 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-020-00049-1
Laguting, M. G. Y. S. (2025), Why “salo-salo” still matters: How shared meals improve emotional health, online article.
Leech, G. (2019), Principles of pragmatics, book.
Mangompit, R. M. M. (2024), Semiotics and experiences on food in the Philippines, online journal. Volume 5(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v5i3.1022
Medina, B. T. G. (2001), The Filipino family, book.
Mercado, J. M. T., & Andalecio, A. B. P. (2020), Ysla de panciteria: A preliminary study on the culinary heritage significance of pancit using the heritage documentation approach—The case of Luzon Island, Philippines, online journal. Volume 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-020-00057-1
Mills, S. (2022), Politeness and impoliteness, book.
Motulsky, S. L. (2021), Is member checking the gold standard of quality in qualitative research?, journal. Volume 8(3).
Negrillo, A. (2019), Kumain na tayo! Exploring the role of food in communicating tradition and instilling familial values, undergraduate thesis. DOI: https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/jour_studentresearch/1/
Nolasco, R. M. D. (2008), The prospects of multilingual education and literacy in the Philippines, book chapter.
Panicker, A., Basu, K., & Chung, C.-F. (2020), Changing roles and contexts: Symbolic interactionism in the sharing of food and eating practices between remote, intergenerational family members, online journal. Volume 4(CSCW1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3392848
Pertierra, R. (2002), The new media, society, and politics in the Philippines, book.
Riessman, C. K. (2022), Narrative methods for the human sciences, book.
Thornton, S. (2025), Philippine food traditions: A cultural tapestry of social bonds, online article.
Trijp, H. C. M. van, & Fischer, A. R. H. (2021), A cross-cultural study of beliefs about the influence of food sharing on interpersonal relationships and food choices. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105049
Trisutaguna, I. N., Abdelrahman, L., & Ramli, R. (2025), Food and culture: An anthropological study of culinary traditions, online journal. Volume 2(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.70177/jhrs.v2i2.1940
UNESCO (2022), Intangible cultural heritage and language preservation, online article.
Wang, C., Huang, J., & Wan, X. (2021), A cross-cultural study of beliefs about the influence of food sharing on interpersonal relationships and food choices, journal. 161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105129







